Connections

Contents

Foreword

Assessing the Maturity of National Cybersecurity and Resilience

Best Practices in the Application of the Concept of Resilience: Building Hybrid Warfare and Cybersecurity Capabilities in the Hungarian Defense Forces

Russian Economic Footprint and the Impact on Democratic Institutions in Georgia

Stabilization Missions – Lessons to Be Learned from Resilience-Based Peacebuilding

Technology as a Resilience Factor in Peace Operations

The Importance of Resilience in the Agenda Women, Peace and Security, Particularly During the COVID-19 Pandemic

After the Crisis: The Role of Resilience in Coming Back Stronger

Conflict Resilience and the Image of the Other among North and South Koreans

The Mole and the Mallet: Islamic State and al-Qaeda in the ‘Thirty Years' War’ in the Middle East
by

This article investigates the developments of al-Qaida and The Islamic State in the context of the war on terror. The Iraq war 2003–2010, including the US Counterinsurgency strategy implemented in Iraq in 2007 onwards, together with the political developments in Iraq after the US withdrawal of combat troops at the end of 2011 is seen as the breeding ground for Islamic State in Iraq and thus for establishment of the Nusra Front (al-Qaida) in Syria. The chapter argues that without political developments based on reliable states in the Arab Middle East there is no solution in sight for ending the conflicts and wars in the region.

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