Cyber Operations and Gray Zones: Challenges for NATO
by
Oliver Fitton

The Gray Zone represents a space between peaceful state rivalries and war. Within this space actors have developed hybrid strategies to extend their influence. This concept of conflict is best illustrated by Russia’s actions in Eastern Ukraine in 2014. Gray Zone doctrine leverages ambiguity to create an environment in which adversaries are unable to make strategic decisions in a timely and confident manner. Cyber Operations, because of the attribution problem, lend themselves to this kind of conflict. This article explores the interactions between the Gray Zone and cyber operations and considers questions which NATO must address in order to adapt.

Previous Issue

The theory of deterrence emerged with the advent of nuclear weapons to address the challenges of preparing for and preventing a full-scale nuclear war between the United States and the Soviet Union. This special issue on "Deterrence in International Security: Theory and Current Practice" features seven articles set in a post-Cold war context, with ... Read More